Introduction to Public Key Certificate

A digital certificate is a data file that allow, on the one hand, the non-repudiation and the integrity of data, and on the other hand, to identify and to authenticate a person or an organization and also to encode communications.

A digital certificate includes several information, as:

  • A public key
  • Authentication information
  • A validity time
  • An issuer that signs the certificate

This last point is crucial to verify the trustworthiness of a certificate. For this, when a certificate is received, a chain of trust is built to a certificate authority.

To explain the working of the chain of trust, let’s present some notions:

The Metasploit framework is an open source tool, allowing searching, analysing and exploiting vulnerabilities. It has many modules and tools that can be very useful during intrusion tests, whether on Web applications or on a company’s information system.
Although often used relatively basically, for example to launch a simple exploitation module on a target, this framework has options and tools that make it a key ally for a pentest. We will therefore see here how to use the Metasploit framework in an optimized way.

In this previous article, we have seen what a SSRF vulnerability is, and how, in general, it can be exploited. We had placed ourselves in a quite simple theoretical framework, but various elements (either due to the vulnerability itself or due to security implementations) can make the task more complicated.

In this article, we will have a look at various methods to go further. On
the agenda:

  • Various methods for manually bypassing filters;
  • SSRFMap: a semi-automatic operating tool.

BLE and security

Alternative to classic Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy is chosen increasingly for the IoT. This technology, also known as the abbreviation BLE, is establishing itself for connected devices, as it is ideal to send small amounts of data between devices and to preserve the battery; which matches the IoT’s needs perfectly. Classic Bluetooth, on its side, is used to send large amounts of data between a device and a user (wireless headphones and speakers are using Bluetooth for example).

Internal Security Audit

When we talk about cyberattacks, we often think of malicious activities coming from external attackers, while internal attacks are on the rise. In the Insider Threat Report 2019, it is reported that 59% of the companies surveyed had suffered such an attack in the past year.

Protecting yourself from the inside against these attacks is therefore just as important as defending yourself from the outside.

USB Attacks

USB devices are so convenient. Whenever we need to store small amounts of data, we use a USB stick. Everyone owns one and we generally trust it to be safe. USB keys are one of the main ways to do industrial espionage, but attacks against random civilians and companies are also common.

The 2018 Honeywell report on USB threat to industrial operators analyzed a sample of 50 locations. Energy, chemical manufacturing, pulp & paper, oil & gas and other industrial facilities were concerned by the study. Among the locations targeted, 44% blocked a suspicious file originating from USB ports and 15% of the threats detected and blocked were high-profile threats, like Stuxnet, Wannacry and Mirai.

Internet of Thing penetration testing: 10 hardware and software tests

Internet of Things security is a current topic, however penetration testing on connected devices are far from being a widespread practice. Most manufacturers prioritize product functionalities and design first. However, even with a “security by design” approach, pentesting remains essential to know the real security risks, and then to take the necessary measures.

Social Engineering: Experience Feedback

We are regularly conducting social engineering penetration tests for our clients.
Our pentesters (security experts) tried various techniques, scenarios and pretexts.

We have learned lessons from our experience, and our clients shared with us what they learned too. We are sharing them now with you.

What ROI for a security audit

It is a question that we often hear. Unfortunately Sorry, we don’t have a ready made formula to reveal. The return on investment of a pentest is complex to measure. However, we are giving you 4 keys to demonstrate the financial benefits of a penetration test. Security is not only useful to avoid potential problems, it mostly creates value to facilitate sales and strengthen the trust of your customers.